Save Passamaquoddy Bay
Alliance to Protect the Quoddy Region
Documents
See also our Resources & Links page.
| Conferences [moved to Past Events page] Events [moved to Past Events page] News Releases [moved to News Releases page] Safety & Health [moved to Safety Reports Page] Radio Programs [moved to Sound Files Page] |
Download free Adobe Reader software for PDF files.Brochures & Flyers
Passamaquoddy
Sipayik in the Permanent Hazard Zones (PDF; 1.3 MB; via We Take Care of Our Land *)
(Alternate download source)
Quoddy Bay LNG filed a document with FERC illustrating that nearly all of Pleasant Point Reservation would fall within Zones of Concern (Hazard Zones) 2 & 3. Since Quoddy Bay LNG says they intend to have one or two LNG ships at berth at all times, these Hazard Zones would permanently engulf Pleasant Point, exposing inhabitants to permanent risks of injury, fire, explosion, or death.
Also see the Hazard Zone documents received from the US Coast Guard through a Freedom of Information Act request.
- Passamaquoddy People ... Economics Flyer (PDF; 201.4 KB)
- Passamaquoddy People ... Who Take Care of the Land .... (PDF; 201.1 KB)
- Richard Nixon fails at his attempt to create LNG import terminal in Machias; Machias fears terrorism and destruction.
Source: Will LNG Save America's Oil-Addicted Economy? — New America Media, 2005 Feb 18
Canada, Government of
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Ambassador to the United States
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National Energy Board
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Letter to FERC Chairman Wellinghoff advising withdrawing Calais LNG application (2010 February 3; 370 KB) |
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Liquefied Natural Gas: A Canadian Perspective (2009 January; 2.6 MB)
Community Impact Studies
See also: Whole Bay Study for an impact study of the Passamaquoddy Bay community.
TopEnergy Boomtowns
- Energy Boomtowns & Natural Gas (2009 Jan) — Pennsylvania State University: Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development
Maine, USA & New Brunswick, Canada
Passamaquoddy Bay, ME & NB
Whole Bay Study — Economic, social, and environmental impacts from LNG development in Passamaquoddy Bay
- Go to our Whole Bay Study webpage.
Perry, Maine
Financial Framework Proposal by Quoddy Bay LNG for Town of Perry
Harpswell, Maine
Report on Potential Economic and Fiscal Impacts on the Town of Harpswell, Maine of the LNG Terminal Proposed by TransCanada Pipelines and ConocoPhillips — Prepared for Fairplay for Harpswell by Yellow Wood Associates, Inc. (2004 February 3; PDF 1.5 MB) California
Ratepayers for Affordable Clean Energy (RACE) (California)
Addendum E: Local Impacts of LNG Terminals — California Public Utility Commission Rulemaking 04-01-025 (2004 Mar 23)
LNG Developers' Offers to Communities
- Downeast LNG's Offer to Robbinston, 2007 Mar 2, Adobe Reader document (906.2 KB)
Court Documents
Lawsuit Against Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) & Secretary of the Interior, filed by Nulankeyutomonen Nkihtahkomikumon* and six Passamaquoddy Tribal Members
Nulankeyutomonen Nkihtakomikumon prevails on all points.The BIA reversed its position from its 2006 Nov 16 court appearance prior to the 2007 Sep 14 appeal hearing. BIA now claims the ground lease approval is final — that it was never conditional.
NOTE: Although he ruled that the case wasn't yet "ripe," it brings attention to FERC's requirement for a valid lease (or title) prior to initiating LNG terminal permitting.Since the lease has been determined to be "conditional," then, if the conditions are not met, the lease will not have been valid, and FERC will have violated its own rules; therefore, FERC must reject the Quoddy Bay LLC LNG project.
* Nulankeyutomonen Nkihtahkomikumon ("We Take Care of the Land") is the Passamaquoddy affiliate of the Save Passamaquoddy Bay 3-Nation Alliance.
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This motion totally ignores the BIA's statutory performance requirements that it passed on illegally to the FERC.
Conferences
Top[Past Conferences are now on their own Past Events page. See our Calendar page for future conferences.]
Environment & NEPA-related
(NEPA = National Environmental Protection Act)
US White House Council on Environmental Quality
Oceans
Memoranda
- Alternate download source:
[T]he United States needs to act within a unifying framework under a clear national policy, including a comprehensive, ecosystem-based framework for the longterm conservation and use of our resources.
In order to better meet our Nation's stewardship responsibilities for the oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes, there is established an Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force (Task Force), to be led by the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality.
The Task Force should review the Federal Government's existing policy coordination framework to ensure integration and collaboration across jurisdictional lines in meeting the objectives of a national policy for the oceans, our coasts, and the Great Lakes.
Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force
Maine Board of Environmental Protection (BEP)
LNG proposal — Calais LNG
- Legal Notices
Since Calais LNG claims their applications are not complete, the BEP placed this advertisement in the Bangor Daily News.- 2010 BEP Calais LNG Hearing
- Calais LNG Permit Withdrawal
- BEP Calais LNG Hearing Schedule (POSTPONED at Calais LNG's request)
- 2007 Sep 14 — Letter of withdrawal from State DEP permitting process (PDF 49.9 KB)
Save Passamaquoddy Bay Filings
Robbinston Residents Filings
- In a letter to the U. S. Coast Guard, dated April 15, 2005, the EPA states that "because of the potential immediate and cumulative adverse environmental impacts to eastern Gulf waters and habitat associated with the operation of an 'open loop' ORV re-gasification system, EPA has assigned the proposed ORV technology a rating of EO-2, that is we have Environmental Objections because of the potential for significant environmental degradation that could be corrected by project modification or other feasible alternatives." [Emphasis added.]
- FERC source of same document. (Link leads to PDF files.)
13 NEPA Environmental Resource Reports — Required for Natural Gas (& LNG) Applications
NEPA = National Environmental Policy Act
- 18 CFR 380.12 — Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) —Title 18: Conservation of Power and Water Resources — Regulations Implementing the National Environmen tal Policy Act (NEPA)
Fisheries
focusing on LNG terminals, aquaculture, and wind farms — 2005 Sep 2 (PDF; 119.7 KB)
[Alternate download source — Save Passamaquoddy Bay website.]This document lists seven proposed offshore LNG terminals currently under review:
- Gloucester, MA;
- Cabrillo Point (14 miles offshore Ventura County, CA);
- Clearwater Port (14 miles offshore southern CA);
- Main Pass Energy Hub (offshore AL, LA, MS);
- Compass Port (offshore AL, MS);
- Pearl Crossing (41 miles offshore LA);
- Beacon Port (offshore LA).
Passamaquoddy Bay Faults map
(including Oak Bay Fault)[Alternate source for map.]
Events
[Past Events are now on their own Past Events page. See our Calendar page for future events.]
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), US Department of the Interior
FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)
(For offshore LNG terminals, see MARAD)
Strategic Plans & Budget Requests
2009
In Chairman Jon Wellinghoff’s words, “We used this opportunity to restructure the Strategic Plan to align our strategic goals and objectives more closely with our statutory authorities. This change will allow the Commission to request resources and report progress to Congress and the public more clearly based on the Commission’s statutory purposes.”2011
"The Commission’s LNG responsibilities include: analyzing the cryogenic design of proposed LNG plants, reviewing site compliance with federal safety standards, coordinating with the US Coast Guard on waterway suitability assessments for LNG import/export terminals, completing postauthorization final design review, reviewing design change requests, approving compliance with conditions, and conducting construction and operation inspections."
Eminent Domain re LNG Terminals, & Natural Gas Pipelines
Under the Natural Gas Act — Section 7(h), and under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure — Rule 71A, eminent domain gives a natural gas pipeline company the right to an easement on privately-owned land. The landowner continues to pay taxes on the easment land (local tax relief laws apply in some locales). Easement conditions are negotiated between the landowner and the pipeline company (or determined in court) — FERC is not involved in the negotiations.
If a natural gas pipeline is planned near or on your property, be sure to read this publication and the referenced Federal legislation and rules.Robert Cupina
Deputy Director, Office of Energy Products
NOTE: This is a PDF version of Cupina's MS Powerpoint presentation, and the conversion was imperfect: some syMBols, fonts, and point sizes may not be identical to the originals.
- Slide Presentation given at Calais, Maine (2005 Oct 26) PowerPoint (Requires Microsoft PowerPoint, or compatible, software)
Richard Hoffmann
Director, Division of Gas — Environment and Engineering
NOTE: This is a PDF version of Hoffmann's MS Powerpoint presentation, and the conversion was imperfect: some syMBols, fonts, and point sizes may not be identical to the originals.
- Slide Presentation given at Robbinston, Maine (2005 Sep 30) PowerPoint (Requires Microsoft PowerPoint, or compatible, software)
Maps
- Existing, Proposed, and Potential LNG Terminals
- Save Passamaquoddy Bay Archived FERC Maps
- 2007 October 31
- 2005 October 7
- 2005 August 22
Pre-application Filing
- Calais LNG Project Co. Project (FERC Docket No. PF08-24)
- Developer's Documents
and Large Format files, 2008 Jun 6 (PDF)
- FERC Documents re Calais LNG Project Co.
NOTE: This is a whoppingly-large-size file of scanned pages as images only, residing in the FERC eLibrary.
[Alternate download site.]
- FERC Documents re Downeast LNG
[Rob Wyatt of Downeast LNG — the developer who bragged, "I've actually done this before," finally figured out, after a previous and flawed attempt, how to correctly submit the proper pre-application documents.]
- Quoddy Bay LLC Project
[NOTE: These documents are also available on the FERC website (pre-filing Docket No. PF06-11; formal filing Docket No. CP07-38).
- FERC Documents re Quoddy Bay LLC
[NOTE: This letter was written almost one month after FERC began the pre-filing process with Quoddy Bay LLC.]
- Developer's Documents
See related Intervenor documents, below, filed by others about this project.
- Intervenors
- Robert Godfrey, Save Passamaquoddy Bay
Supporting Documents:
Application Filing
- Quoddy Bay LNG Project
- FERC Documents re Quoddy Bay LNG
"Zones of Concern" / "Hazard Zones" Terminology
- Exclusion Zones
- Hazard Zones & Zones of Concern
- Safety and/or Security Zones
LNG Terminal Need
Freedom of Information Act (& Maine's Freedom of Access Act) Documents
- Thermal Hazard Zones — Zones of Concern; Quoddy Bay LNG & Downeast LNG graphics of the hazard zones surrounding an LNG ship in transit to their proposed terminals, obtained from the US Coast Guard.
Also, see similar graphics showing Pleasant Point and Deer Island filed by the developers to FERC.
- Memos to Governor Baldacci
- Quoddy Bay LLC Fact Sheet
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Legislation
TopPassamaquoddy Tribe
United Nations
Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS)
"Law of the Sea" Full Text (HTML)
WEBMASTER'S COMMENTS: The Convention states that it is an agreement among signatories. Since the United States is not a signatory, (see "Law of the Sea" Status, 2005, below), Canada is not obligated to honor the "Innocent Passage" provision as it pertains to United States shipping interests.
UNCLOS makes it clear what countries are affected by the treaty:
PART I, Article 1, 2. (1) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.
Since the U.S. hasn't "consented to be bound by" (Congress hasn't ratified) UNCLOS, then the Convention is not in force for the U.S.; the U.S. has no rights or responsibilities under UNCLOS.
Local LNG speculators and the U.S. Department of State can wish all they want for LNG ships to have UNCLOS right of innocent passage into Passamaquoddy Bay, but their wish is hollow — the treaty clearly states that the U.S. doesn't have that right.
US Coast Guard lawyer agrees local LNG projects have no UNCLOS innocent passage:
"Without being a party to the Law of the Sea Convention, we cannot avail ourselves of the dispute-resolution provisions," [said US Coast Guard Capt. Charles Michel, Chief, Office of Maritime and International Law]. — Read full 2007 Dec 12 article
This document lists nations alphabetically, and indicates which nations are, and are not, ratifiers of the Law of the Sea Convention.
- See also, "'Limits in the Seas,' United States responses to Excessive National Maritime Claims"
United States
- Liquefied Natural Gas Import Terminal Development Act of 2004 (HR 4413)
Legislative Reports
Reports for US Congress — Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress
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- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Import Terminals: Siting, Safety and Regulation (PDF; 130KB; 2004 January 28)
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Security: Background and Issues for Congress (PDF; 222KB; 2003 SepteMBer 9)
Legislative Debate, Hearings, & Testimony
Canada
Parliament — House of Commons
Environment
- MP Greg Thompson challenges Minister of Transportation and Prime Minister to prevent LNG traffic from using Head Harbour Passage (2005 Sep 28)
- MP Greg Thompson presents Campobello Island petition to prohibit LNG tankers from Head Harbour Passage, (2004 Nov 24)
- Member of Parliament Greg Thompson urges Government to prevent LNG tankers from passing through Head Harbour Passage. (2004 Nov 23)
TopParliament — Senate
Canada-US Relations
United States
Senate
Energy Hearings
- The Future of Liquefied Natural Gas: Siting and Safety (Sen. Jack Reed—RI, 2005 Feb 15)
"FERC’s approval process for LNG terminals is deeply flawed and leaves too
many questions unanswered" and "...the Coast Guard has told my office repeatedly that it does not have the resources to adequately secure these LNG tankers and marine terminals, while fulfilling its other post-911 responsibilities."Top
Legislators — Federal
Maine
US Congressman Tom Allen
Spam (Junk Email) sent to Save Passamaquoddy Bay
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- 2007 Dec 20 — "Safe and Sound: Protecting Consumers from Dangerous Toys, Food, and Medicines"
… and yet, Congressman Allen won't respond to our 2006 May 3 questions about his position on dangerous LNG development in Passamaquoddy Bay.
In our request to Allen to stop spamming us, Allen responded via US post that it's too bad we aren't interested in issues that interest him — and has kept on spamming us!
NOTE: If the Can-Spam Act that Allen voted to approve included junk political email, as it does commercial email, Allen would be violating federal law.
Letters, Memos, Faxes, Emails, & Others' News Releases
Webmaster’s Comments: Nothing cries "financial desperation" more than a request for free money, especially after just having been dumped by sole financial backer Goldman Sachs. (NOTE: As of 2010 Aug 23, Calais LNG's website homepage inaccruately continues to claim Goldman Sachs' financial support.)
Calais LNG has a badly-planned, unneeded project, is in a location that even the LNG industry indicates is inappropriate, and has lost its financing, so it wants the State of Maine to help bail it out.
Webmaster’s Comments: Calais LNG is attempting to foist its impacts onto New Brunswick fishermen and boaters by transiting through Canadian waters in Western Passage, the open portion of Passamaquoddy Bay, and the St. Croix River, even though US waters are available.
- Letter from Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands, Submerged Lands Program to Maine Department of Environmental Protection commenting about Downeast LNG's project's Site Selection, Pier Length, and Waterway Suitability (2007 Jun 28)
- New Brunswick Premier Shawn Graham responds to Wall Street Journal's 2007 Mar 22 editorial, "Maine Chance."
- Art MacKay's letter to the editor, "Canadian Federal election and LNG in Quoddy: Count the 'No LNG' Vote on January 23." (2006 Jan 16)
- Quoddy Bay LLC's PR firm falsely accuses Save Passamaquoddy Bay webmaster of misinformation: Sutherland Weston errs for client (2006 Jan 14)
- Opposition MLAs Call on Feds to Oppose Passamaquoddy LNG Proposal (2005 Sep 29)
- Shawn Graham, New Brunswick MeMBer of the Legislative AsseMBly & Leader of the Official Opposition to Canada Minister of Foreign Affairs Pierre Pettigrew (2005 Aug 23)
- Eric Allaby, MLA for Fundy Isles, to St. Andrews Mayor John Craig, opposing LNG in Passamaquoddy Bay (2005 Aug 16)
- Roosevelt Campobello International Park letter opposing an LNG terminal in Passamaquoddy Bay (2005 Mar)
The park sent a copy of this letter to US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
- "CLF calls again upon FERC to undertake a study of the region’s anticipated gas supply needs and to analyze where terminals could be built that would provide proper safety zones and meet rigorous environmental standards."
- Sen. Snowe letter to FERC re Quoddy LNG (2004 Dec 15)
- LNG & Geography (Letter to the Bangor Daily News editor, 2004 Dec 3)
- Participation Request: Save Passamaquoddy Bay Rally at Belfast Media Conference on 30 Nov 2004
- Greg Thompson, Member of Parliament to Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2004 Oct 21)
Example Letters
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Maine Governor Executive Orders
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- An Order Establishing the Governor's Council on Maine's Quality of Place — 2007 Mar 13
- WHEREAS, the study states that “land development patterns are…consuming rural land, increasing government costs, and degrading the state’s small towns and environments—its true ‘brand’”
- …the State must protect and invest in the assets and amenities that comprise Maine’s quality places—our diverse communities, our natural resources, our scenic landscapes….
- The Council will… include bipartisan and diverse members with relevant knowledge and experience in all parts of Maine.
Maine Governor State-of-the-State Addresses
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- 2009 Mar 10 (Maine.gov page) — Gov. Baldacci touts energy independence and clean renewable energy while hypocritically promoting the proposed surplus LNG terminal projects in Passamaquoddy Bay.
Maine Governor's Office of Energy Independence and Security
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Maine Department of Conservation
TopDan Prichard
- Letter to Maine Department of Environmental Protection commenting about Downeast LNG's project's Site Selection, Pier Length, and Waterway Suitability (2007 Jun 28)
NOTE: This is a PDF version of Prichard's MS Powerpoint presentation, and the conversion was imperfect: some symbols, fonts, and point sizes may not be identical to the originals.
- Slide Presentation given at Calais, Maine (2005 Oct 26) PowerPoint (Requires Microsoft PowerPoint, or compatible, software)
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife
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Maine Planning Office
TopUldis Vanags
NOTE: This is a PDF version of Prichard's MS Powerpoint presentation, and the conversion was imperfect: some syMBols, fonts, and point sizes may not be identical to the originals.
- Slide Presentation given at Calais, Maine (2005 Oct 26) PowerPoint (Requires Microsoft PowerPoint, or compatible, software)
Marine Navigation & Safety
Channel Design & Ship Maneuverability
Marine Risks & Liability / Protection & Indemnity (P&I)
A Few Topics:
- Offshore: "Paying Over the Odds"
- Safety & Loss Prevention: "Asleep On Watch," "Dock Damage
- Legal Update: "American Security Updates"
Current/Planned Deepwater Ports (on MARAD website)
16 LNG offshore licenses applied for, six LNG licenses have been issued (as of 2008 Sep 1).
- Gulf Gateway Energy Bridge (Excelerate Energy) — Gulf of Mexico off the coast of LA; began operations 2005 Mar 20.
- Gulf Landing (U.S. Gas & Oil, LLC) — to be located thirty-eight miles offshore of LA.
- [Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) (Marathon Domestic LLC)] — oil terminal.
- Main Pass Energy Hub (FreeportMcMoRan) — Gulf of Mexico off the coast of LA.
- Neptune LNG (Suez LNG N.A.) — 10 miles south of Gloucester, MA, and 22 miles Northeast of Boston.
- Northeast Gateway (Excelerate) — 13 miles south-southeast of the city of Gloucester, MA; began operation in 2008.
- Port Pelican (Port Pelican, LLC) — off the coast of LA; licensed in 2004; project is on indefinite hold.
- Bienville Offshore Energy Terminal (TORP L.P.) — Gulf of Mexico, 63 miles south of Mobile Point, AL.
- Calypso LNG (Suez LNG N.A.) — 12 miles off the coast of Port Everglades, FL.
- Clearwater Port (Formerly Crystal Energy) — 12.6 miles off the coast of Ventura County, CA.
- Oceanway Secure Energy (Woodside Natural Gas, Inc) — 28 miles southwest of Los Angeles, CA.
- Port Dolphin (Port Dolphin LLC) — 28 miles offshore from Tampa Bay area, FL.
- Safe Harbor Energy (Atlantic Sea Island Group LLC (ASIG) — 13.5 miles south of the city of Long Beach, New York, and 23 miles southeast of the New York Harbor.
- Beacon Port (ConocoPhillips) — Gulf of Mexico, 29 miles southeast and 56 miles southwest of Johnson's Bayou, LA; application withdrawn in 2006.
- Compass Port (ConocoPhillips) — off the coasts of AL and MS; application withdrawn 2006.
- Pearl Crossing (ExxonMobil) — Gulf of Mexico, 41 miles south of LA; application withdrawn and terminated in 2005.
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- Cabrillo Port (BHP Billiton LNG International) — 14 miles off the coast of Ventura County, CA; denied by Governor Schwatzenegger in 2007.
News Clippings
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Eastport harbor pilot states Eastport is the most difficult port between New Brunswick, Canada and Puerto Rico.
Newspaper Inserts
TopPublished in The Quoddy Tides
Read Our Newspaper Inserts
Each insert is tabloid size (11" x 17"), in PDF format,
and has appeared in an edition of The Quoddy Tides newspaper.Files are large, so please be patient during downloading.
You'll need to open the downloaded Insert file with Adobe Reader (aka "Acrobat Reader").
Turning to One Another...
For the Future of
Passamaquoddy BaySafety Is the Real Issue
LNG:
Now Is the Time
for Courage and ResolveLNG:
Native Voices
Speak For Themselves
Rally For the Bay:
Eastport, January 8, 2005LNG —
Not Now. Not Ever.LNG:
Dangers and
Possible DisastersPerry Will NOT Become
Lake Charles
The "Facts" Are the Fear...
The Future?
Not if you can help it.Save Passamaquoddy Bay -
Protect Our Homeland
Stands Behind
the Vote in Perry!Latest Actions of Our
Passamaquoddy Group
Posters
No LNG in Passamaquoddy Bay A poster by Campobello Island artist Joyce Morrell, depicting an LNG tanker, to approximate scale, entering Head Harbour Passage by the Head Harbour (East Quoddy Head) lightstation.
A PDF ready to print on your ink jet. 8.5" x 11".
Go to the St. Croix Estuary Project Download page.
No LNG in Head Harbour Passage A poster by Campobello Island artist Joyce Morrell, depicting an LNG tanker, tugs, and U.S. Coast Guard gunboat passing by Head Harbour (East Quoddy Head) Lightstation.
A PDF file ready to print. (274.9 KB).
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Proclamations
- Grand Manan Village Anti-LNG Proclamation (2004 Dec 6)
- St. Mary's First Nation LNG Opposition Statement (2004 Nov 23)
- Cobscook Fishermen’s Association LNG Opposition Statement (2004 Nov 4)
- Quoddy Regional Land Trust LNG Opposition Statement (2004 Oct 16)
- Indigenous Environmental Network Statement (2004 Oct 27)
- St. Andrews Town Council Anti-LNG Proclamation (2004 Oct 4)
- Chemical Energy of Metane gas (LNG) compared to other sources
Methane has a higher energy density than most other fuels. Hydrogen has a higher value, but propane, gasoline, etc., have lower values.Top
Radio Programs
All radio programs have been moved to our Sound Files page.
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Safety-related & Health-related Documents
TopAll Safety and Health documents are now on the Safey Reports Page.
US Coast Guard
For shoreside LNG terminals, the US Coast Guard (USCG) is charged with determining the suitability of waterways for LNG transit to such terminals. Early in the FERC permitting process, the USCG provides a Waterway Suitability Report (WSR) for inclusion in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS). That report typically contains a list of issues that must be resolved by the applicant in order for the USCG to ultimately issue a Letter of Recommendation (LOR) to FERC recommending either in favor of, or opposed to, the use of the waterway for LNG transit.
Captain of the Port CAPT Stephen Garrity letter to Richard Hoffman of FERC, indicating that the USCG cannot provide a Waterway Suitability Report (WSR) for either Downeast LNG or Quoddy Bay LNG.
NOTE: This is a PDF version of Prichard's MS Powerpoint presentation, and the conversion was imperfect: some syMBols, fonts, and point sizes may not be identical to the originals.
- Slide Presentation given at Calais, Maine (2005 Oct 26) PowerPoint (Requires Microsoft PowerPoint, or compatible, software)
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- 2005 Fall — "LNG & Public Safety Issues," by Prof. Jerry Havens (PDF, 684.8 KB)
